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The History of the Shī‘ah Imāmī Nizārī-Ismā'īlī Ṭarīqah from the founding of Islam covers a period of over 1400 years. It begins with the mission of the Islamic prophet Muhammad to restore to humanity the universality and knowledge of the oneness of the divine within the Abrahamic tradition, through the final message and what Shia believe was the appointment of Ali Ibn Talib as successor and guardian of that message in both the spiritual and temporal authority of Muhammad, through the institution of Imamate. A few months before his death, Muhammad who resided in the city of Medina made his first and final pilgrimage (Al Hajj) to Mecca, a journey referred to as The Farewell Pilgrimage. There, atop Mount Arafat, he addressed the Muslim masses in what came to be known as The Farewell Sermon. After completion of the Hajj pilgrimage, Muhammad journeyed back toward his home in Medina with other pilgrims. During the journey, Muhammad stopped at the desert oasis of Khumm, and requested other pilgrims gather together, and there he addressed them with the famous words: Following Muhammads death the Shiat Ali (Party of Ali) believed Ali had been designated not merely as the political successor to Muhammad (Caliph) but also his spiritual successor. And looked toward Ali and his most trusted supporters for both political and spiritual guidance. Ali's descendants were also the ''only'' descendants of Muhammad as Ali had married Muhammads only surviving progeny in the person of Fatima Az-Zahra. And through the generations the mantle of leadership of the Shi'at Al-Ali would pass through the progeny of Ali and Fatima known as the Ahl al-Bayt the (Household of Muhammad), embodied in the head of the family, the Imam. Among the Shia both the Ismāʿīli and Twelvers accept the same initial Imāms from the descendants of Muħammad through his daughter Fāṭima az-Zahra and therefore share much of their early history. ==Imāmi Shia== Imam Ja‘far as-Sadiq was acknowledged as leader of the Shi'at al-Ali, and head of the Ahl al-Bayt (Household of Muhammad). A highly accomplished theologian Ja'far tutored Abu Hanifa who would go onto found the ''Hanafi Madh'hab (school of jurisprudence),'' the largest Sunni legal school in practice today, Malik Ibn Anas founder of the ''Maliki Sunni Madh'hab (school of jurisprudence),'' and Wasil ibn Ata who founded the Mu'tazilah school of thought which all major Sunni Jurisprudence schools follow. During a period of rapid change, when Muslims no longer threatened were beginning to concern themselves with questions like "what does it mean to be a Muslim?". Most sought answers from the new learned classes which would eventually develop into Sunni Islam, but for some the answers to such questions were always sought from Muhammad's family the Ahl al-Bayt as led by Imam Jaʿfar Saddiq; who saw the need for a systematic school of thought for those who sought guidance, and were loyal to Muhammad's family, as distinct from the new scholar schools which would synthesis into Sunni Islam. His answer was the ''Imāmiyyah'' or ''Jā‘fariyyah'' Madh'hab ''(School of jurisprudence).'' This period marks the founding of the distinct religious views of both the Shia and Sunni. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Nizari Ismailism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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